The prostate – a glandular organ shaped like a chestnut, located beneath the bladder. The gland consists of two parts – the right and left sections. Some specialists also distinguish the middle lobe. Two types of tissue are found in the prostate: the primary, or glandular tissue, whose cells produce prostate fluid, and muscular fibers. The prostate produces a fluid that helps thin the sperm and facilitates the movement of spermatozoa, which is one of the essential conditions for fertilization. This function plays a vital role in male reproductive health and fertility.
What functions does the Prostate do?
The prostate gland plays a crucial role in a man’s health and overall healthy, active lifestyle. The ability of a man to fertilize is dependent on the normal functioning of the prostate. The prostate also performs a kind of barrier function – it blocks the neck of the bladder and ensures that urine does not enter the ejaculate. Additionally, the role of the prostate in urination is also important, as the relaxation of the prostate is necessary for normal urination. Otherwise, the urination process becomes complicated, painful, and frequent. These functions highlight the importance of prostate health and monitoring for potential prostate disorders.
Prostate and its main diseases:
Unfortunately, prostate diseases affect many men worldwide, are widespread, and prostate cancer ranks first or second among the leading causes of male cancer mortality.
- Prostatitis – is the inflammation of a man’s prostate gland. The prostate gland helps in sperm liquefaction, supports the process of fertilization, and is involved in urination and ejaculation (semen expulsion).
Prostatitis is the most common disease among men aged 25 to 50. After the age of 30, 30% of men develop prostatitis, after 40 years – 40%, after 50 years – 50%, and so on. These statistics underscore the prevalence of prostatitis symptoms among aging men. - Adenoma – is the pathological enlargement of the prostate gland – benign hyperplasia. It most commonly develops in men over the age of 50. As a result, hormonal imbalance – the disruption of the ratio between androgens and estrogens (the respective male and female sex hormones) – is considered to play a significant role in its development. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can severely affect urination and quality of life.
- Prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma) is one of the most common malignant tumors. It is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men, ranking first or second places. Early prostate cancer diagnosis is critical for improving survival.
What contributes to the development of prostate diseases?
The risk of developing prostate pathologies and diseases is significantly increased by a man’s lifestyle, specifically:
- Poor diet
- Colds
- A passive, physically inactive daily routine
- Bad habits
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Passive sexual life
These factors highlight the importance of a healthy lifestyle for prostate disease prevention.
To avoid complications it is necessary to consult a urologist in case of following complaints:
- Frequent Urination
- Decreased Sexual Desire
- Burning Feeling during Urination
- Difficult Urination
- Pain during Urination / painful Urination
- Lower back pain
- Intermittent Urine flow
- Reduced Urine flow
- Residual Urine (when the bladder doesn’t fully empty)
These symptoms may indicate prostate inflammation, BPH, or early prostate cancer, and require prompt urological examination.
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
It is important to know that prostate diseases are considered the main risk factor for the development of prostate adenoma and cancer. Furthermore, the latest statistical data indicates a sharp increase in the number of 40–50-year-old men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Therefore, the idea that prostate cancer is a disease of older men is long in the past. Instead, with the introduction of state-of-the-art diagnostic equipment and methods for prostate diagnosis, prostate screening has gained significant importance.
According to the latest recommendations of the European Association of Urology, the threshold for normal levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has changed. Now, with the availability of micro-ecoscopy and targeted ‘fusion‘ biopsies for prostate research, a PSA level is considered normal if it does not exceed 2 ng/mL (previously, a PSA level between 0 and 4 ng/mL was considered normal). Therefore, PSA will be within the normal range, and there will be no suspicion of prostate cancer.
Today, thanks to the modern achievements of world medicine, diagnostic tools are available that can detect prostate cancer even at its early, asymptomatic stage in 100% of cases. These include:
- Microecoscopy – prostate examination using ExactVu’s high-resolution micro-ultrasound, which provides 300% enhanced visualization of suspicious areas of the prostate.
- Targeted biopsy under microecoscopic control – one of the most advanced types of prostate biopsy, which eliminates blind and unnecessary biopsies, performed using the ExactVu microecoscopy device.
- Fusion biopsy with simultaneous control of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and microecoscopy – the combination of microecoscopy and MRI data provides the highest level of visualization and resolution, allowing for the most accurate targeting of suspicious areas, real-time biopsy performance, and the detection of cancer in 100% of cases.
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