Menstrual cycle disorders are considered the most common gynecological pathology, affecting approximately every second woman according to statistics.
The normal duration of a menstrual cycle is 28–35 days. A longer duration indicates a menstrual cycle disorder.
Types of Menstrual Cycle Disorders:
There are several types of menstrual cycle irregularities:
- Oligomenorrhea – infrequent menstruation, when the cycle lasts more than 35 days.
- Polymenorrhea – frequent menstruation, when the interval is less than 25 days.
- Dysmenorrhea – irregular cycles.
- Amenorrhea – absence of menstruation.
- Algodysmenorrhea – painful menstruation.
- Menorrhagia – heavy menstrual bleeding that resembles hemorrhage.
Among these, the most common is algodysmenorrhea – painful menstruation.
In women of reproductive age, dysfunctional bleeding and cycle disorders are more frequent. They often experience pathological bleeding 1.5 to 6 months after a delayed period. The most common causes are organic pathologies, such as endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, or uterine fibroids.
Causes of Menstrual Disorders:
Menstrual irregularities may be caused by:
- Vitamin deficiencies
- Frequent dieting
- Hormonal imbalances
- Infectious diseases
- Gynecological interventions
- Liver diseases
- Excess weight
- Genetic predisposition
Disorders accompanied by bleeding can lead to anemia, body weakness, and infections of the uterus and its appendages.
Self-medication, especially taking hormonal drugs based on a friend’s advice, is strongly discouraged. This can worsen the condition or leave serious pathologies undiagnosed, such as:
- Uterine fibroids
- Endometrial polyps
- Hyperplasia
- Endometriosis
- Uterine cancer
These may require surgical intervention.
Menstrual Cycle Disorders – Common Causes:
- Infections in the pelvic organs
- Hormonal imbalances
- Emotional stress
- Exposure to environmental and physical factors
- Frequent colds in childhood
- Childhood infectious diseases
Symptoms of Menstrual Disorders:
- Shortened cycle duration
- Decreased volume of menstrual blood
- Irregular cycle patterns
- Persistent pain during menstruation
Potential Complications:
Ignoring these issues may lead to:
- Uterine inflammation
- Cystitis
- Benign or malignant tumors of the uterus and ovaries
- Infertility
It is essential for women to pay attention to any changes in their menstrual cycle and consult a doctor if they notice irregularities or abnormal bleeding. Regular gynecological check-ups can help identify and prevent potential problems early on.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, can also help regulate the menstrual cycle.
“Karazanashvili Robotic Center” offers treatment of gynecological pathologies in accordance with modern standards.
